Learning disabilities are often referred to as "hidden handicaps" as they are difficult to identify. The kinds and severity of problems vary from individual to individual. Each individual with a learning disability shows a unique combination of problems. Individuals with learning disabilities may do well in some areas, but very poorly in others. They may learn what is seen, but not what is heard; they may remember by writing, but not by reciting orally; or vice versa. Below are listed some signs that may indicate learning disabilities:
- inconsistent school performance
- difficulty remembering today what was learned yesterday, but may know it tomorrow
- short attention span (restless, easily distracted)
- letter and number reversals (sees "b" for "d" or "p", "6" for "9", "pots" for "stop" or "post")
- poor reading (below age and grade level)
- frequent confusion about directions and time (right-left, up-down, yesterday-tomorrow)
- personal disorganization (difficulty in following simple directions/schedules; has trouble organizing, planning, and making best use of time; frequent loss or misplacement of homework, schoolbooks, or other items)
- impulsive and/or inappropriate behavior (poor judgment in social situations, talks and acts before thinking)
- failure on written tests but high scores on oral exams (or vice versa)
- speech problems (immature language development, trouble expressing ideas, poor word recall)
- difficulty understanding and following instructions unless they are broken down to one or two tasks at a time
- seems immature and has difficulty making friends
- trouble remembering what someone just told him or her
- poor coordination (in gross motor activities such as walking or sports and/or in fine motor activities such as tying a shoelace, holding a pencil, or handwriting - inconsistent, slow, messy, or illegible)
- difficulty interpreting body language, facial expression, or tone of voice
- difficulty with development of sound/symbol correspondence
Some of these problems can be found in all children at certain stages of development. When a child has a cluster of symptoms which do not disappear as she/he gets older, you might suspect learning disabilities. |